Go to content Go to navigation

BioBusiness Alliance of Minnesota

 


BioBusiness Glossary


Markets

Markets are a clustering of similar products and services based on research and enabling technologies. Markets are where the highest potential for job creation exists.

Markets are the domain of the private sector. These are the current markets:

Medical Devices
The Medical Device market includes all instruments, apparatuses, implements, contrivances, implants, in vitro reagents, or component parts or accessories, which are used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or cure diseases or other conditions in humans or animals.

Pharma/Biologics
The Pharmaceutical market includes traditional chemical-based drugs for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and cure of diseases.  Traditional chemical-based pharmaceuticals are often referred to as “small molecule” drugs.

Convergence (Medical Device and Pharma/Biologics)
The Biologics/Biopharmaceuticals market includes drugs or other products that are derived from life forms.  Biologics are biology-based products used to prevent, diagnose, treat, or cure disease or other conditions in humans and animals.  Biologics generally include products such as vaccines, blood, blood components, allergenics, somatic cells, genes, proteins, DNA, tissues, recombinant therapeutic proteins, microorganisms, antibodies, immunoglobins, etc.  Biopharmaceuticals are produced using biotechnology and are made from proteins, genes, antibodies, nucleic acids, etc.  Biopharmaceuticals are often referred to as “large molecule” drugs.

Animal Health
The animal health market includes any and all products, mechanical, electrical, chemical, software, veterinary, and biological, to prevent, diagnose, treat, or cure diseases that affect animals other than humans.  Animal health products include feed additives, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, devices, antimicrobials, topical products, imaging, parasiticeds, diagnostics, etc.

Food
The intersection of the life sciences and the Food market includes the use of scientific techniques to produce desired traits in plants or animals to enhance the quality, safety, nutritional value and variety of food and increase the efficiency of food production.  It also encompasses food ingredients and nutraceuticals.

Renewable Energy
The Renewable Energy market includes the various sources of renewable energy that can be applied to the transportation, electricity, residential, commercial, and industrial sectors.  Examples of renewable energy sources include ethanol (corn-based, biomass-based, cellulosic, and other feedstocks), biodiesel, combustible biomass, wind, hydrogen, photovoltatic (solar), geothermal, etc.  Bioscience-based energy is typically defined as renewable fuels.  This definition includes all renewable energy sources, not just renewable fuels, because all of these sources of energy will become integrated over time.

Renewable (bio) Materials
The renewable materials market includes materials that are made from biological sources.  These can be biofibers, biopolymers, biodegradable plastics, bio-packaging.




Enabling Technology Clusters

Enabling Knowledge Clusters are the basic knowledge and technologies that allow the development of products.

Enabling Knowledge Clusters are the domain of academia and corporate R&D.

Catalysis & Synthesis (Biological and Chemical)
Definition:
Catalysis and Synthesis relate to the development processes for both small and large molecule (chemical and biological) pharmaceutical products, or post processing of biomass using enzymes or other means to produce products such as ethanol or biomaterials. 

Examples of technology involved:

  • Assay development
  • High throughput screening
  • X-ray crystallography
  • Physical characterization
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Formulation
  • Preclincial trials
  • Clinical trials
  • Enzyme production

Example Applications:
  • Drug development
  • Stem Cells
  • Gene therapy
  • Renewable Energy
  • Renewable materials

Nanotech & Materials Science
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. This science investigates the relationship between the structure of materials and their properties. It includes elements of applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical engineeringNanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometers, and the fabrication of devices within that size range.

Examples of technology involved:
Industrial applications of materials science include materials design, cost-benefit tradeoffs in industrial production of materials, processing techniques (casting, rolling, welding, ion implantation, crystal growth, thin-film deposition, sintering, glassblowing, etc.), and analytical techniques (characterization techniques such as electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, calorimetry, nuclear microscopy (HEFIB) , Rutherford backscattering, neutron diffraction, etc.).

Example Applications:

  • PLA (biodegradable plastic)
  • Turning bio-based materials into plastics
  • Implant
  • Nanomedicine
  • Electronics
  • Coatings
  • Films
  • Drug delivery
  • Information storage and communication technologies
  • Renewable energy
  • Food

Bioengineering & Clinical Capabilities
Biological Engineering is a discipline that applies engineering principles to biological systems for the purpose of developing new technologies and services to improve the living standards of societies. It requires traditional engineering skills to exploit new developments in molecular biology, biochemistry, cell metabolism, microbiology, ecology and engineering principles and applies them in order to understand living systems and to bring solutions to various problems associated with these systems.  Bioengineers work closely with medical doctors and other health professionals to develop technical solutions to current and emerging health concerns.

Examples of technology involved:

  • Bioprocess engineering
  • Bioprocess design
  • Biocatalysis
  • Bioseparation
  • Bioinformatics
  • Genetic engineering
  • Synthestic biology
  • Cell engineering
  • Tissue culture
  • Molecular biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Neurosciences
  • Sensing
  • Electronics
  • Imaging
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology
  • Biomechanics
  • Surface science
  • Polymer science


Imaging/Navigation

Imaging science is concerned with the generation, collection, duplication, analysis, modification, and visualization of images. As an evolving field it includes research from physics, mathematics, electrical engineering, computer vision, computer science, and perceptual psychology, among others.

Navigation is the integration and registration of medical devices that are used to deliver therapies and create an image to allow for precise delivery of therapies or diagnostic capabilities to identified target locations.

Examples of technology involved:
  • MRI
  • Fluoroscopy
  • CT scans
  • Catheter delivery systems
  • Biological implants
  • Mechanical and electrical implants
  • 3D computer graphics
  • Animation
  • Digital imaging
  • Color science
  • Digital photography
  • Microdensitometry
  • Remote sensing
  • Radar imaging
  • Radiometry
  • Ultrasound imaging
  • Printing technologies
  • Holography

Genomics, Proteomics & High Throughput Biology
Genomics is the study of an organism's entire genome. This includes determining the DNA sequence and genetic mapping.  Proteomics is the study of proteins, particularly their structures and functionsHigh Throughput Biology includes using the techniques from biology, physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer science and engineering to speed research and knowledge creation.  It is the basic technology that supports the rapid screening and development of new biologic and chemistry-based products.  These three disciplines study the interactions of chemical compounds, gene products, cells and organisms and the networks formed by these interactions.

Examples of technology involved:
  • Crystallography
  • Computational prediction of protein folding
  • High throughput “next generation” DNA sequencing
  • High throughput genotyping (analysis of individual variation in gene structure)
  • High throughput gene expression profiling (microarrays)
  • Biobanking
  • RNAi resources
  • Assay development
  • Physical characterization
  • Medicinal chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Formulation
  • Preclinical trials
  • Clinical trials
  • Robotics
  • Mass spectrometry
  • Bioinformatics
  • Mathematics
  • Engineering
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Biology

Example Applications:
All forms of life sciences, including:
  • Gene Therapy
  • Pharmacogenomics
  • Gene discovery, mutation analysis and functional studies
  • Identification of new drug targets
  • Rational drug design
  • Biomarker discovery and validation
  • Clinical test development
  • Identification of pathogens
  • DNA mapping
  • Biologic and chemistry-based pharma
  • Personalized medicine
  • Genetic engineering of crops and natural materials for use in biofuels and renewable products

Bioinformatics & Systems Biology

Systems Biology is an approach to analyzing biological complexity and understanding how biological systems function. Systems biology is the study of an organism, viewed as an integrated and interacting network of genes, proteins and biochemical reactions which give rise to life. Instead of analyzing individual components or aspects of the organism, such as sugar metabolism or a cell nucleus, systems biologists focus on all the components and the interactions among them, all as part of one system. These interactions are ultimately responsible for an organism’s form and functions (Institute for Systems biology, University of Washington). 

Systems biology relies on bioinformatics and computational biology to understand how biological systems function.  According to the National Institutes of Health, Bioinformatics is theresearch, development, or application of computational tools and approaches for expanding the use of biological, medical, behavioral or health data, including those to acquire, store, organize, archive, analyze, or visualize such data.

Computational Biology is the development and application of data-analytical and theoretical methods, mathematical modeling and computational simulation techniques to the study of biological, behavioral, and social systems.

Examples of technology involved:
  • Applied mathematics
  • Statistics
  • Informatics
  • Computer science
  • Artificial intelligence
  • Chemistry
  • Biochemistry
  • Physics
  • Engineering
  • Behavioral science

Example Applications:
  • Personalized medicine
  • Large and small molecule development
  • Diagnostics (human and animal)
  • Protein folding
  • Sequence alignment
  • Gene finding
  • Genome assembly
  • Protein structure
  • Gene expression

Example Applications:
  • Delivery of gene therapy
  • Delivery of autologous cells
  • Precise positioning of materials-based implants
  • Ablation



Commercialization Catalysts

Commercialization Catalysts are generic environmental and infrastructural support to convert knowledge into products.  They link and leverage talent to achieve more effective and efficient use of resources, time and leadership. 

Commercialization Catalysts are the domain of the public, private, and academic sectors

Leadership Talent
Leadership talent is defined as having access to leaders who are experienced CEOs, executives, and advisors who are willing to help guide and build a structure around the technology to commercialize the product and get it to the marketplace.  Leadership has both a strong academic and private sector experience base.

Skilled Workforce
A skilled work force is necessary for achievement in the biosciences.  This includes adequate training programs, links between industry and academia, and quality mentorship programs.

Funding
Funding is critical to starting a business.  Funding for businesses comes from several different areas, including:
  • Traditional: This includes obtaining loans from banks to start a business
  • Venture Capital: Venture Capital is a type of private equity capital that is generally held by professional organizations that invest the money businesses in exchange for an equity stake in the company.   Venture capital may be invested at any stage of the business development cycle, although it is more likely to be invested in later stages of development. 
  • Angel: Angel funders are high-net worth individuals who provide money to start up a business in return for a convertible debt or ownership stake in the company.  Often times angel investors pool resources in the form of an angel network. 
  • Grants: Grants are “gifts” of money that are provided to businesses for a specific purpose.  Grants can be provided by many sources, including non-profit organizations, foundations, government agencies, or other sources.

Academic Tech Transfer
Academic tech transfer capabilities are critical to ensuring that the innovative research conducted at academic institutions has an avenue to be further developed and commercialized for the benefit of the public.  Tech transfer capabilities include patent support, commercialization support, funding support, management support, licensing, or other assistance in helping discoveries made at the academic institution become a product available to consumers.

Acceleration/Incubation
Incubation is a shared and often subsidized space where companies can locate in their early stages to continue their product development work.  Acceleration is space, plus the addition of money, management, technical resources, and other skills that help a business speed up its product development timeline.

Component & Service Suppliers
Component and service suppliers are those companies and organizations that provide needed expertise to help companies commercialize their products.  They can be contract research support, manufacturing support, design support, component suppliers, legal counsel, regulatory services, etc.

Facilities
Most companies need space in which to operate the business.  This can include laboratory space for further research and development, general office space for things such as sales and marketing, or manufacturing space to make the product.

Business Planning
Business planning support includes advice or contract support about the various aspects of the business, from marketing and sales, technology assessment, finance, value chain development, to business strategy.

Foundational Capabilities

Foundational Capabilities are the fundamental building blocks that underlie any life science or business endeavor.

Foundational Capabilities are the domain of the Public Sector.

Education
A high quality education system from Pre-K, through K-12, and into higher education, with particular strength in math, biology and other sciences are required to support a bioscience economy.

Infrastructure
Basic infrastructure, such as roads, sewers, buildings, internet/telecommunications capabilities, and other amenities must be in place to support the development of businesses in the community.   Infrastructure is of special importance to new industries where no current infrastructure exists to support this new type of technology-based business.

Policy

There must be sound public policy concerning the regulation of business and sciences to support the bioscience industry sector.  In addition, there need to be public policy decisions that help to catalyze innovation and formation of new industries and companies.  It is important that catalysts are targeted to encourage and leverage private sector investment.